Types of experiencing pregnancy

Today, we often hear about attachment styles not only in the field of psychology and psychotherapy but also in everyday life. Topics of relationships, partnerships, and parent-child dynamics are being viewed through a new lens within the framework of attachment theory. In this article, we will try to explore attachment styles through the perspective of perinatal psychology—specifically, the part that focuses on the experience of pregnancy as a unique category.

I propose that this perspective might encourage the general public to reflect on the connection between attachment styles and the ways in which pregnancy is experienced—as well as what strategies should be chosen by partners, grandparents, and professionals to support women during this sensitive period—the time of expecting a child.
Perhaps exploring how pregnancy is experienced and classifying these types may inspire women toward greater self-reflection, contemplation, and a deeper understanding of themselves.
Scientific literature defines attachment as a stable emotional bond between an individual (most often a child) and another person (typically a caregiver), which significantly influences the development of social, emotional, and cognitive functioning and is a foundational concept in developmental psychology.

What does a pregnancy experience type mean?

Each person is unique. We enter pregnancy with different life experiences, personal beliefs, and diverse views on pregnancy, parenting, and raising children. The experience of early pregnancy, the transformation of personal emotions, adaptation to new roles, and life changes constitute the psychological dimension of future motherhood.
In perinatal psychology, how a woman experiences pregnancy is crucial—not just in terms of physical changes but also as a complex psychological process that involves emotional, cognitive, and personality-based adaptation to a new life stage. This process is often referred to as a “pregnancy experience type,” reflecting the specific way in which a woman accepts, feels, and evaluates her pregnancy and integrates herself into the image of the future mother.
Pregnancy experience types are psychologically significant phenomena, as they reflect not only current states but also the personal, social, and developmental dynamics at play. This understanding allows for early identification of vulnerabilities and more personalized support, which is critical for healthy motherhood and child well-being.

Main Types of Pregnancy Experience

1. Optimal or Adequate Type
Women with this type of pregnancy experience typically maintain an active lifestyle after pregnancy is confirmed. Restrictions are perceived as “normal.” Changes in plans are easily accepted. These women react calmly to attention from others, accept help without excessive demands or a sense of needing special treatment. Relationships with their partners are usually harmonious; pregnancy is often planned or mutually desired. They view pregnancy positively, are curious about the baby’s personality—what they feel, how they look, and what the first encounter will be like. If complications arise, they cooperate constructively with healthcare providers. Breastfeeding usually proceeds smoothly.
Nonetheless, these women also benefit from support—adapted to their realistic outlook and the normal crises of pregnancy. Consultation with a perinatal psychologist is recommended.

2. Ignoring Type
Pregnancy remains on the periphery of awareness. The woman is indifferent to physical changes and annoyed by attention. She may act as if the pregnancy doesn’t exist. Emotions are ambivalent or negative; awareness of pregnancy comes late. Life plans are not changed, and forced changes cause frustration. Breastfeeding can be difficult, and caring for the baby may feel like a burden. This type is not necessarily linked to socioeconomic status.
It is important to create a safe, nonjudgmental space for expressing such feelings. Perinatal psychological support is recommended.

3. Euphoric Type
Pregnancy is idealized. The woman perceives it as the greatest happiness and expects special treatment. If it is not provided, she becomes disappointed. Her behavior is marked by emotional fluctuations, fatigue, and selective attention to information—favoring only what supports her euphoria. During labor, she may be unprepared for reality, leading to emotional trauma. Requests for pain relief are common, and adaptation to complications can be difficult.
This type is considered high-risk, as unpreparedness for reality can result in postpartum trauma. Support must be empathetic yet gently grounding, introducing real challenges gradually.

4. Anxious Type
Characterized by high levels of insecurity, fear, and mistrust. The woman is emotionally vulnerable, questions doctors’ opinions, and seeks information online, which increases anxiety. Fetal movements may be perceived as painful or unpleasant.
As pregnancy progresses, anxiety increases and may manifest in physical symptoms (high blood pressure, nausea, diarrhea). Support from a perinatal psychologist, relaxation techniques, and psychotherapy are especially helpful.

5. Ambivalent Type
Marked by mixed emotions—joy about motherhood and simultaneous fear of not coping. Often accompanied by guilt and insecurity.
Consistent emotional support is crucial, ideally through ongoing contact with a single medical professional or therapist. These women are sensitive to change, so careful selection of the maternity hospital and staff is important.

6. Rejecting Type
Pregnancy is perceived as unwanted, accompanied by anger, sadness, or a feeling of entrapment. Fetal movements may provoke rejection or even aggression. The pregnancy is often denied or hidden. In public, the woman may present herself as the “ideal mother,” while privately experiencing profound internal distress.
It is critical to create a supportive, nonjudgmental environment, where the woman can gradually develop a sense of belonging and safety.

Connection Between Attachment Style and Pregnancy Experience Type

Scientific sources emphasize that a woman’s pregnancy experience type often correlates with the attachment style formed in childhood:

• Optimal type is often associated with secure attachment.
• Anxious type is common in women with ambivalent attachment.
• Rejecting type tends to be found in women with avoidant or disorganized attachment.

One fascinating area of research is intergenerational transmission of patterns, which studies how a woman was received in her own childhood and how she unconsciously replicates her relationship with her mother during her own pregnancy.

Conclusion

Every pregnancy experience deserves respect, recognition, and acknowledgment of its uniqueness—just like every woman and every child. It matters where our journey into motherhood began and where we are now. It matters what kind of support we have and who helps us feel whole and empowered.
Recognizing the type of pregnancy experience is key to effective communication and support from loved ones, healthcare workers, and professionals. In perinatal psychology, understanding these types forms the foundation for preventative work—not only to reduce postpartum disorders but also to promote psychological growth and maturity during pregnancy itself.